When the World Trade Organization (WTO) decided in 2024 to produce a report on the trade implications of artificial intelligence (AI), it set out to answer two key questions: How can the WTO help ensure that the benefits of AI are widespread? And, how can the challenges surrounding AI be addressed in a globally coordinated manner? This paper analyses the WTO’s findings and explores how AI is prompting a re-examination of trade rules as well as how and what nations trade. Following an analysis of the trade and technology relationship, the author then discusses how AI poses challenges to how trade is conducted and the current rules system. The author’s recommendations for the WTO include partnering with civil society groups that have expertise in competition policy and data governance; doing research on trade-related global issues; and using trade policy reviews to better understand global data markets.
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